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The daring idea that convention - human decision - lies at the root both of necessary truths and much of empirical science reverberates through twentieth-century philosophy, c***tituting a revolution comparable to Kant's Copernican revolution. This is the first comprehensive study of Conventionalism. Drawing a distinction between two conventionalist theses, the under-determination of science by empirical fact, and the linguistic account of necessity, Yemima Ben-Menahem traces the evolution of both ideas to their origins in Poincaré's geometric conventionalism. She argues that the radical extrapolati*** of Poincaré's ideas by later thinkers, including Wittgenstein, Quine, and Carnap, eventually led to the decline of conventionalism. This book provides a new perspective on twentieth-century philosophy. Many of the major themes of contemporary philosophy emerge in this book as arising from engagement with the challenge of conventionalism.

Preface

1 Overview: The Varieties of Conventionalism

2 Origins: Poincare and Duhem on Convention

3 Relativity: From "Experience and Geometry" to "Geometry and Experience"

4 Implicit Definition

5 "Unlimited Possibilities": Carnap on Convention

6 Metaphor and Argument: Quine on Convention

7 Wittgenstein: From Conventionalism to Iconoclasm

References

Index

Yemima Ben-Menahem is Pofessor of Philosophy at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. She is the editor of Hilary Putnam, and co-editor of The Conceptual Foundati*** of Statistical Physics, a special issue of Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Phys

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