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The text of this edition is based on the Wes*** Edition of 1912, which was revised and corrected by the author. It has been collated with the Mellstock Edition of 1920, fo***hich Hardy submitted final correcti***.

"Backgrounds and Contexts" provides new and invaluable source material on Victorian Dorset and, in particular, Dorchester, Hardy’s native home and the town upon which Casterbridge is based. Included are six of Hardy’s nonfiction writings, notably excerpts from his essay "The Dorsetshire Laboure" (1883), in which he frankly comments on the social changes he has witnessed in the county. Hardy’s Wes*** is further examined in an essay by Michael Millgate, by maps of Casterbridge and Wes***, and by a key to local place names. Christine Winfield discusses the novel’s manu* and its complicated history.

"Criticism" collects seventeen wide-ranging assessments of the novel-six new to the Second Edition-from both contemporary and modern critics, including Virginia Woolf, Albert J. Guerard, Julian Moynahan, John Paterson, Michael Millgate, Irving Howe, J. Hillis Miller, Ian Gregor, Elaine Showalter, Ge***e Levine, William Greenslade, H. M. Daleski, and Suzanne Keen.

A Chronology and Selected Bibliography are also included.

The Text of The Mayor of Casterbridge

　Preface

The Mayor of Casterbridge

　Backgrounds and Contexts

　Composition

　Christine Winfield, The Manuscript of Hardy’s Mayor of Casterbridge

　Hardy’s Non-Fictional Writings

　From The Life and Work of Thomas Hardy

　[Dialect in the Novel]

　From The Dorsetshire Labourer

　From The Profitable Reading of Fiction

　From Candour in English Fiction

　From General Preface to the Novels and Poems

　Hardy’s Wes***

　Map of the Wes*** of the Novel and Poems

　Map of Casterbridge and Durnover (circa 1848)

　Place Names in The Mayor of Casterbridge

　A Note on the Corn Laws

　Michael Millgate, The Evolution of Wes***

　Criticism

　Contemporary Reception

　From The Athenaeum

　[Ge***e Saintsbury], From The Saturday Review

　[Richard Holt Hutton], From The Spectator

　[William Dean Howells], From Harper’s New Monthly Magazine

　Modern Criticism

　Virginia Woolf, [Hardy’s Impression of Life]

　Albert J. Guerard, [Henchard’s Self-Condemnation]

　Julian Moynahan, The Mayor of Casterbridge and the Old Testament’s First Book of Samuel

　John Paterson, The Mayor of Casterbridge as Tragedy

　Michael Millgate, [The Role of Elizabeth-Jane]

　Irving Howe, The Struggles of Men

　J. Hillis Miller, [A Nightmare of Frustrated Desire]

　Ian Gregor, A Man and His History

　Elaine Showalter, The Unmanning of the Mayor of Casterbridge

　Ge***e Levine, [Reversing the Real]

　William Greenslade, Degenerate Spaces

　H. M. Daleski, [The Paradoxes of Love]

　Suzanne Keen, [Narrative Annexes: Mixen Lane]

　Thomas Hardy: A Chronology

Selected Bibliography

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看过了方才帐篷里面的那一幕，现在面对这眼前这片景象，便自然而然地生出一种感触，认为人类是和善宇宙中的一个污点，令人厌弃。不过在仔细想一想，事件的各种情况原都是间歇性的，在某些个夜晚，人类都很纯真地沉入梦乡，那些安详沉静的东西却扰攘***乱，高盛咆哮。

The man finished his basin, and called for another, the rum being signalled for in yet stronger proportion. The effect of it was soon apparent in his manner, and his wife but too sadly perceived that in strenuously steering off the rocks of the licensed liquor-tent she had only got into maelstrom depths here amongst the smugglers.

At the end of the first basin the man had risen to serenity; at the second he was jovial; at the third, argumentative; at the fourth, the qualities signified by the shape of his face, the occasional clench of his mouth, and the fiery spark of his dark eye, began to tell in his conduct; he was overbearing even brilliantly quarrelsome.

The conversation took a high turn, as it often does on suchoccasi***. The ruin of good men by bad wives, and, more particular, the frustration of many a promising youth's high aims and hopes and the extinction of his energies by an early imprudent marriage, was the theme.

The vague news of his loss at sea a little later on solved aproblem which had become torture to her meek c***cience.

Her face, though somewhat wan and incomplete, possessed the raw materials of beauty in a promising degree. There was an under-handsomeness in it, struggling to reveal itself through the provisional curves of immaturity, and the casual disfigurements that resulted from the straitened circumstances of their lives. She was handsome in the bone, hardly as yet handsome in the flesh. She possibly might never be fully handsome, unless the carking accidents of her daily existence could be evaded before the mobile parts of her countenancehad settled to their final mould.

亨察德的妻子和他生分是因为她去世了；他的朋友和帮手法夫瑞和他是因为意见不合；伊丽莎白-简则是因为不明真情。在他看来，他们这三个人之中好像只有一个可以挽回，那就是这个姑娘。

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Thomas Hardy’s almost supernatural insight into the course of wayward lives, his instinctive feeling for the beauty of the rural landscape, and his power to invest that landscape with moral significance all came together in an utterly fluent way in The Mayor of Casterbridge . A classically shaped story about the rise and fall of the brooding and sometimes brutal Michael Henchard in the harsh world of nineteenth-century rural England, The Mayor of Casterbridge is an emblematic product of Hardy’s maturity–vigorous, forceful, and unclouded by illusi***.