A Concise History of Italy mobi 下载 网盘 caj lrf pdf txt 阿里云

Covering the period from the fall of the Roman Empire in the west to the present day, this concise history focuses in particular on the difficulties Italy has faced in f***ing a nation state during the past two centuries, including a legacy of fragmentation dating back to the sixth century.

Since its creation in 1861, Italy has struggled to develop an effective political system and a secure sense of national identity. This concise history covers the period from the fall of the Roman Empire in the west to the present day, but focuses on the difficulties Italy has faced in f***ing a nation state during the past two centuries.

The opening chapters c***ider the geographical and cultural obstacles to unity, and survey the long centuries of political fragmentation in the peninsula since the sixth century. It was this legacy of fragmentation that Italy's new rulers had to strive to overcome when the country became united, more by accident than design, in 1859-61. The book aims to weave together political, economic, social and cultural history, and stresses in particular the alternation between materialist and idealist programmes for f***ing a nation state.

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Christopher Duggan is Reader in Italian History, and Director of the Centre for the Advanced Study of Italian Society, University of Reading. His recent publicati*** include “Fascism and the Mafia”(1989).

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The reas*** for this economic decline are by no means clear ... Another facto***as perhaps the narrowness of Italy's home market. This stemmed from old rivalries between the Italian states (and hence their failure to build up commercial ties), and from the extreme concentration of wealth in the hands of an elite that preferred to invest in art and palaces rather than industry. The mass of the population was too poor to afford manufactured goods, and domestic demand was therefore weak.

2015年11月2日，就在其生日前两天，正处于事业高峰期的克里斯托弗却不幸去世，享年57岁。

1994年，克里斯托弗完成了《剑桥意大利史》的第一版，这部作品让作者有机会稍稍展现出其早先对于中世纪的研究积累。

2012年，克里斯托弗完成了《法西斯之音》。作者搜集、整理了数千本普通意大利民众的日记、回忆录和信件，借以解释了为什么在20世纪初期和二战中如此多的民众支持法西斯政权。

2013年，这部收入经典“剑桥大学国别史丛书”的著作经过修订增补推出了第二版。

《剑桥意大利史》并非通史，而是一部现代意大利形成史。兴趣点主要在罗马帝国时期、中世纪或文艺复兴时期的意大利的读者，恐怕这本书并非最佳选择。但另一方面，如果是对现代意大利历史感兴趣，尤其对法西斯和黑手***有了解***的读者，这本书将成为您的最佳选择之一。

意大利有很多很迷的地方，一是南北差异巨大，北边富南边穷，北边资本主义南面农业社会，北面左翼恐怖主义，南面地头蛇搞***。二是民众很迷，神奇的是建国后一度大部分人不会用意大利语，也没多少国家认同感，民众的反应好像是稀里糊涂统一了，战争也一样，让我上战场我也去，就是去了之后就是不好好干活。在这个文艺复兴的发源地，上个世纪90年代还有很多文盲也是令人震惊。三是意大利热爱生活的超乎想象，资产阶级有颗人文主义的心，资本主义在这里萌芽，但是人家有钱之后不想着更有钱，而是追求艺术与美，听听歌剧买买画作。另外意大利的政***也很迷，自1948年确立***体制以来，除了这个制度没变，政坛形势是真的看不懂，一个内阁里有十几个***派，这样吵吵闹闹的画面简直不敢想，各***派间好像也争论不出来什么所以然来。

本书的主线是“意大利建国”的问题。1859—1860年，人为因素和巧合共同促使意大利实现了统一。1860年之前，只有一小部分人确信意大利是一个民族，并且应该组成一个统一的国家；然而，连他们也不得不承认，表面上来看，他们的信念很难得到合理性的证实。

书籍介绍

Covering the period from the fall of the Roman Empire in the west to the present day, this concise history focuses in particular on the difficulties Italy has faced in f***ing a nation state during the past two centuries, including a legacy of fragmentation dating back to the sixth century.

Since its creation in 1861, Italy has struggled to develop an effective political system and a secure sense of national identity. This concise history covers the period from the fall of the Roman Empire in the west to the present day, but focuses on the difficulties Italy has faced in f***ing a nation state during the past two centuries.

The opening chapters c***ider the geographical and cultural obstacles to unity, and survey the long centuries of political fragmentation in the peninsula since the sixth century. It was this legacy of fragmentation that Italy's new rulers had to strive to overcome when the country became united, more by accident than design, in 1859-61. The book aims to weave together political, economic, social and cultural history, and stresses in particular the alternation between materialist and idealist programmes for f***ing a nation state.